The geography of Tibet consists of high mountains, lakes and rivers are among the Central, East and South Asia. Tibet is often called "roof of the world", comprising plateaus average over 4950 meters above the sea, with peaks at 6000-7500 m, including Mount Everest. It is bordered to the north and east by China itself, on the west by the Kashmir region of India and southern Nepal, India and Bhutan. Most of Tibet sits atop a geological structure known as the Tibetan Plateau, which includes the Himalaya and many of the peaks of the highest mountains in the world.
History of Tibet
The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in Western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered the original culture of the Bon religion.
Humans inhabited the Tibetan Plateau at least twenty thousand years ago, and some archaeological data suggests humans may have passed through Tibet at the time India was first inhabited, half a million years ago.
In 1949, seeing that the Communists were gaining control of China, the Kashag expelled all Chinese connected with the Chinese government, despite the protests of both the Kuomintang and the Communists. The Chinese Communist government led by Mao Zedong came to power in October lost little time in asserting a new Chinese presence in Tibet. In June 1950 the UK Government in the House of Commons stated that His Majesty's Government "has always been willing to recognize Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, but only on the understanding that Tibet is regarded as autonomous "In October 1950, the People's Liberation army invaded the Tibetan area of Chamdo, defeating sporadic resistance from the Tibetan army. In 1951, representatives of Tibetan authority, with the approval of the Dalai Lama, participated in negotiations in Beijing with the Chinese government. The result was a Seventeen-Point Agreement which affirms China's sovereignty over Tibet. The agreement was ratified in Lhasa a few months later.
economy
The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture. Due to limited arable land, livestock rearing is the main occupation mainly on the Tibetan Plateau, among them are sheep, cows, goats, camels, yaks, donkeys and horses. The main crops are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, cotton and various fruits and vegetables. In recent years the economy has begun to evolve into a multiple structure of agriculture and the development of tertiary industry from side to side.
Tibet's GDP in 2008 was 39.6 billion yuan. The central Chinese government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. In recent years tourism in Tibet has expanded rapidly, especially after the arrival of the Qingzang Railway in July 2006 Tibet received 2.5 million tourists in 2006, including 150,000 foreigners. According to the Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qiangba Puncog, Tibet's economy has grown an average 12% per year between 2000 and 2006. Per capita GDP reached 10,000 yuan in 2006 for the first time in the history of Tibet.
language
Tibetan Language, often called Central Tibetan, is the official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is based on the speech of Lhasa, an Ü-Tsang Dbus aka Ü, one of the Central Tibetan dialect languages. The written language is based on Classical Tibetan and is highly conservative.
Generally the Tibetan language is classified as a Tibeto-Burman language of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Looks more Tibetan Burmese among the major languages of Asia.
Tibetan language is spoken in numerous regional dialects. Tibetan language is spoken in the Tibetan Plateau. It is also spoken in parts of Bhutan, Nepal and northern India. More than 6 million people, including Tibetans in exile speak Tibetan.
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan and India (Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh and Sikkim). It is also practiced in Mongolia and parts of Russia (Kalmykia, Buryatia, and Tuva) and Northeast China.
Tibetan Buddhism comprises many different schools, but is mainly divided into four main traditions: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug. All schools categorize their teachings into three "vehicles" Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana, although some schools, the Gelug eg, consider a part of Mahayana Vajrayana. The Nyingma tradition classifies the corpus of Buddhist teachings in nine Yanas, among the highest of what is known as Atiyoga or Dzogchen (Great Perfection).
population
In late 2000, the total population in Tibet was 2.62 million. With the diversity in terms of distribution, most people live in rural areas, and less in cities and towns. The population of the Tibetan nationality represents more than 90% of the population, but of the Han nationality and other ethnic groups is very small. Affected by nature, geographical and climate conditions, 80% of the population in Tibet is distributed mainly on the valley along the middle of the valley of the Brahmaputra river and deep valleys along three rivers (Lantsang River, Yangtze River and Rio Lujang) that are located in the eastern part of Tibet. There are few people in the northern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau due to its harsh climate. The southeastern part of Tibet is covered by primeval forests; there is low population density, transportation is inadequate, and other unfavorable conditions. In 2000 the Tibetan population density was only 2.1 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Tibetan Festivals
Losar is the Tibetan word for "new year." He holds the semantic field "year, age"; sar holds the "new, fresh" semantic field. Losar is the most important festival in Tibet. Losar is celebrated for 15 days, with the main celebrations on the first three days. On the first day of Losar, a beverage called chhaang changkol is made of (a Tibetan cousin of beer). The second day of Losar is known as King's Losar (Losar gyalpo). Losar is traditionally preceded by practice Vajrakilaya five days.
Monlam, also known as The Great Prayer Festival, falls on the 4 to 11 day of the 1st Tibetan month in Tibetan Buddhism. The event in Tibet was established in 1409 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Geluk tradition. As the greatest religious festival in Tibet, thousands of monks (of the three main monasteries of Drepung, Sera and Ganden) gathered to chant prayers and perform religious rituals at the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa.
The Sho Dun Festival, commonly known as the Yoghurt Festival or Banquet is an annual festival held at Norbulingka or "Jewel Park" palace in Lhasa, Tibet. The festival is held in the summer, from the 15th to the 24th of the fifth lunar month - usually around the middle of August, after the withdrawal of a month for the monks who stay inside their monasteries to avoid walk on the emerging summer insects and kill them.
The Golden Star Festival is a festival celebrated in Tibet, between the seventh and eighth month of the Tibetan calendar (August-September). The Golden Star festival is held to wash away sins, especially the passion, greed and jealousy and leave the ego. The ritual bath in rivers occurs and picnics were held.
Dajyur or Damxung Horse Festival is a Tibetan festival which takes place at the beginning of the eighth month of the lunar calendar (solar September) across southern Tibet. The festivities last for ten days with events like horse racing, bike riding contests and competitions Rock realization that contribute to a time of joy and celebration.
Traditional Tibetan medicine
Tibetan medicine is a traditional medical system of centuries old that employs a complex approach to diagnosis, incorporating techniques such as pulse analysis and urinalysis, and utilizes behavior and dietary modification, medicines comprised of natural materials (for example, herbs and minerals) and physical therapies (eg Tibetan acupuncture moxabustión, etc.) to treat the disease.
The Tibetan medical system is based on a synthesis of the Indian (Ayurveda), Persian (Unani), Greek, indigenous Tibetan, and Chinese medical systems, and is still practiced in Tibet, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh, Siberia, China and Mongolia, as well as more recently in parts of Europe and North America. It embraces the traditional Buddhist belief that all illness ultimately results from the "three poisons" of the mind: ignorance, attachment and aversion.
Historical money of Tibet
The money of historical Tibet started in ancient times, when Tibet had no own currency. Barter was common, gold was a medium of exchange, and shell money and stone beads were used for very small purchases. Coins from other countries were also occasionally used. Coins were first used in a more extensive way in the 17th century: it was silver coins supplied by Nepal. However, there were several problems with this system. In 1763-1764 and 1785 the first silver coins were minted in Tibet. In 1792 the first silver coins produced in series were created under joint Chinese and Tibetan authorities. Coins with Tibetan inscriptions were later replaced only by subjects who were Chinese and Tibetan legends. This lasted until the 1830s In 1840 the purely Tibetan coin was struck under the Tibetan authority, made this coinage continued until 1954, with only two brief interruptions when Sino-Tibetan coins were issued. In 1910 the Tibetan government began producing a wide range of copper and silver coins of different denominations, and in 1918 to 1921, gold coins were minted. Tibetan Tickets were issued for the first time in 1913.
From 1955-1959 more Tibetan coins were not created, but still are printing the tickets, and in 1959 the money was being gradually replaced with the Chinese currency.
History of Tibet
The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in Western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered the original culture of the Bon religion.
Humans inhabited the Tibetan Plateau at least twenty thousand years ago, and some archaeological data suggests humans may have passed through Tibet at the time India was first inhabited, half a million years ago.
In 1949, seeing that the Communists were gaining control of China, the Kashag expelled all Chinese connected with the Chinese government, despite the protests of both the Kuomintang and the Communists. The Chinese Communist government led by Mao Zedong came to power in October lost little time in asserting a new Chinese presence in Tibet. In June 1950 the UK Government in the House of Commons stated that His Majesty's Government "has always been willing to recognize Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, but only on the understanding that Tibet is regarded as autonomous "In October 1950, the People's Liberation army invaded the Tibetan area of Chamdo, defeating sporadic resistance from the Tibetan army. In 1951, representatives of Tibetan authority, with the approval of the Dalai Lama, participated in negotiations in Beijing with the Chinese government. The result was a Seventeen-Point Agreement which affirms China's sovereignty over Tibet. The agreement was ratified in Lhasa a few months later.
economy
The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture. Due to limited arable land, livestock rearing is the main occupation mainly on the Tibetan Plateau, among them are sheep, cows, goats, camels, yaks, donkeys and horses. The main crops are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, cotton and various fruits and vegetables. In recent years the economy has begun to evolve into a multiple structure of agriculture and the development of tertiary industry from side to side.
Tibet's GDP in 2008 was 39.6 billion yuan. The central Chinese government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. In recent years tourism in Tibet has expanded rapidly, especially after the arrival of the Qingzang Railway in July 2006 Tibet received 2.5 million tourists in 2006, including 150,000 foreigners. According to the Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qiangba Puncog, Tibet's economy has grown an average 12% per year between 2000 and 2006. Per capita GDP reached 10,000 yuan in 2006 for the first time in the history of Tibet.
language
Tibetan Language, often called Central Tibetan, is the official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is based on the speech of Lhasa, an Ü-Tsang Dbus aka Ü, one of the Central Tibetan dialect languages. The written language is based on Classical Tibetan and is highly conservative.
Generally the Tibetan language is classified as a Tibeto-Burman language of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Looks more Tibetan Burmese among the major languages of Asia.
Tibetan language is spoken in numerous regional dialects. Tibetan language is spoken in the Tibetan Plateau. It is also spoken in parts of Bhutan, Nepal and northern India. More than 6 million people, including Tibetans in exile speak Tibetan.
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan and India (Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh and Sikkim). It is also practiced in Mongolia and parts of Russia (Kalmykia, Buryatia, and Tuva) and Northeast China.
Tibetan Buddhism comprises many different schools, but is mainly divided into four main traditions: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug. All schools categorize their teachings into three "vehicles" Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana, although some schools, the Gelug eg, consider a part of Mahayana Vajrayana. The Nyingma tradition classifies the corpus of Buddhist teachings in nine Yanas, among the highest of what is known as Atiyoga or Dzogchen (Great Perfection).
population
In late 2000, the total population in Tibet was 2.62 million. With the diversity in terms of distribution, most people live in rural areas, and less in cities and towns. The population of the Tibetan nationality represents more than 90% of the population, but of the Han nationality and other ethnic groups is very small. Affected by nature, geographical and climate conditions, 80% of the population in Tibet is distributed mainly on the valley along the middle of the valley of the Brahmaputra river and deep valleys along three rivers (Lantsang River, Yangtze River and Rio Lujang) that are located in the eastern part of Tibet. There are few people in the northern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau due to its harsh climate. The southeastern part of Tibet is covered by primeval forests; there is low population density, transportation is inadequate, and other unfavorable conditions. In 2000 the Tibetan population density was only 2.1 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Tibetan Festivals
Losar is the Tibetan word for "new year." He holds the semantic field "year, age"; sar holds the "new, fresh" semantic field. Losar is the most important festival in Tibet. Losar is celebrated for 15 days, with the main celebrations on the first three days. On the first day of Losar, a beverage called chhaang changkol is made of (a Tibetan cousin of beer). The second day of Losar is known as King's Losar (Losar gyalpo). Losar is traditionally preceded by practice Vajrakilaya five days.
Monlam, also known as The Great Prayer Festival, falls on the 4 to 11 day of the 1st Tibetan month in Tibetan Buddhism. The event in Tibet was established in 1409 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Geluk tradition. As the greatest religious festival in Tibet, thousands of monks (of the three main monasteries of Drepung, Sera and Ganden) gathered to chant prayers and perform religious rituals at the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa.
The Sho Dun Festival, commonly known as the Yoghurt Festival or Banquet is an annual festival held at Norbulingka or "Jewel Park" palace in Lhasa, Tibet. The festival is held in the summer, from the 15th to the 24th of the fifth lunar month - usually around the middle of August, after the withdrawal of a month for the monks who stay inside their monasteries to avoid walk on the emerging summer insects and kill them.
The Golden Star Festival is a festival celebrated in Tibet, between the seventh and eighth month of the Tibetan calendar (August-September). The Golden Star festival is held to wash away sins, especially the passion, greed and jealousy and leave the ego. The ritual bath in rivers occurs and picnics were held.
Dajyur or Damxung Horse Festival is a Tibetan festival which takes place at the beginning of the eighth month of the lunar calendar (solar September) across southern Tibet. The festivities last for ten days with events like horse racing, bike riding contests and competitions Rock realization that contribute to a time of joy and celebration.
Traditional Tibetan medicine
Tibetan medicine is a traditional medical system of centuries old that employs a complex approach to diagnosis, incorporating techniques such as pulse analysis and urinalysis, and utilizes behavior and dietary modification, medicines comprised of natural materials (for example, herbs and minerals) and physical therapies (eg Tibetan acupuncture moxabustión, etc.) to treat the disease.
The Tibetan medical system is based on a synthesis of the Indian (Ayurveda), Persian (Unani), Greek, indigenous Tibetan, and Chinese medical systems, and is still practiced in Tibet, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh, Siberia, China and Mongolia, as well as more recently in parts of Europe and North America. It embraces the traditional Buddhist belief that all illness ultimately results from the "three poisons" of the mind: ignorance, attachment and aversion.
Historical money of Tibet
The money of historical Tibet started in ancient times, when Tibet had no own currency. Barter was common, gold was a medium of exchange, and shell money and stone beads were used for very small purchases. Coins from other countries were also occasionally used. Coins were first used in a more extensive way in the 17th century: it was silver coins supplied by Nepal. However, there were several problems with this system. In 1763-1764 and 1785 the first silver coins were minted in Tibet. In 1792 the first silver coins produced in series were created under joint Chinese and Tibetan authorities. Coins with Tibetan inscriptions were later replaced only by subjects who were Chinese and Tibetan legends. This lasted until the 1830s In 1840 the purely Tibetan coin was struck under the Tibetan authority, made this coinage continued until 1954, with only two brief interruptions when Sino-Tibetan coins were issued. In 1910 the Tibetan government began producing a wide range of copper and silver coins of different denominations, and in 1918 to 1921, gold coins were minted. Tibetan Tickets were issued for the first time in 1913.
From 1955-1959 more Tibetan coins were not created, but still are printing the tickets, and in 1959 the money was being gradually replaced with the Chinese currency.
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